What is the term for the process allowing an individual to claim another person's property by using it for an extended period of time?

The term that describes the process allowing an individual to claim another person's property through prolonged use and occupation is known as adverse possession. This legal doctrine enables a person to acquire ownership of land under certain conditions, typically requiring continuous and open use for a specified period, which varies by jurisdiction. For adverse possession to be successful, the use must often be hostile, meaning it is without the permission of the original owner.

Understanding the context of adverse possession is crucial, as it allows individuals to assert rights over property that they have treated as their own, even if they do not hold the title. This principle is rooted in the idea that land should be put to productive use, and if the rightful owner fails to act over time, they may forfeit their rights to the property.

The other options, such as title defect, escheat, and probate, relate to different areas of property law and do not pertain to the concept of claiming ownership through extended use. Title defect deals with issues in a property’s title that may invalidate its ownership. Escheat is the process by which unclaimed property reverts to the state. Probate involves the legal process of administering a deceased person's estate, managing debts, and distributing assets.